Force & Motion: Newton's Second Law
Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
Students will investigate the relationship between mass, acceleration, and force.
Students are able to compare the velocity derived from two different runs when only the applied force has varied, to solidify their understanding and reinforce the principles of the scientific method.
Lab Summary
Students will use the Motion Sensor to investigate the relationship between mass, acceleration, and force as predicted by Newton's second law of motion (Newton's Second Law). The relationship among the quantities force, mass, and acceleration can be written in one equation.
This activity has two Student eLabs. The first eLab will explore the relationship between constant mass and increasing net force. In the second eLab, students will explore the relationship between increasing mass and constant net force.
Theory
Newton's 2nd states that acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to the object's mass. By varying each of these quantities while keeping the other constant, this relationship can be elucidated.
Downloads
- Xplorer GLX-based lab, Part 1 (PDF, 472 KB) (471 KB, .pdf)
(student versions)
- Xplorer GLX-based lab, Part 2 (PDF, 356 KB) (355 KB, .pdf)
(student versions)
Method
Use the Motion Sensor to measure the motion of a cart as it is accelerated by different applied forces. Analyze the graph of position and velocity of the cart.
Here's What You Need
U.S. Educator prices shown.
Required for Xplorer GLX-based lab: (See lab download for computer-based lab requirements, which may differ)
Probeware
PASPORT Motion Sensor (PS-2103A) - $80
Accurately measures position, velocity, and acceleration of a target. For use with PASPORT Interfaces.
Xplorer GLX (PS-2002) - $349
The Xplorer GLX is a data collection, graphing, and analysis tool designed for science students and educators.
Other Products
1.2 m PAScar Dynamics System (ME-6955) - $259
Equip your lab with carts and a high-quality 1.2 m aluminum track.
Ohaus Triple-Beam Balance (without Tare) (SE-8723) - $147
This Ohaus triple-beam mechanical balance (without tare) is accurate and easy to use. This balance has been a standard weighing instrument in student laboratories for decades.
Braided Physics String (SE-8050) - $22
This string is tough, resists stretching, and will not unravel. Provides 320 meters of string.
Super Pulley with Clamp (ME-9448B) - $29
Upgrade force tables and inclined planes with this pulley and clamp.
Other Materials
- Mass and Hanger Set
Lab Manual
The computer-based activity is included in Explorations in Physics (PS-2810). The Xplorer GLX-based lab is included in Physics with the Xplorer GLX (PS-2826). Both manuals are complete with Teacher Information pages, student instructions and handouts, and sample data.
For your convenience, we offer bundles which provide the probeware for the
activities in the manual. For more, please see:
Computer-based
Physics Lab Manual and Bundles
Xplorer
GLX-based Physics Lab Manual and Bundles
